He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. The Second Balkan War was over Albania, a mainly Muslim region in the Adriatic. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco suppressing a Filipino rebellion against increased control by a foreign government adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world C adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world annexing Hawaii and Puerto Rico into the United States after the Spanish-American War D He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. an influential Swiss Reformed Christian theologian. town remained intact. War. Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). In Egypt, Allied (primarily Commonwealth) forces under a British Field Marshal Montgomery finally stopped the Germans under the command of Field Marshal Rommel. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, defeated the Republicans or Loyalists of the Second Spanish Republic. You'll also receive an email with the link. A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. After the support by the SPD for the German participation in World War I, she co-founded (with Karl Liebknecht) the Spartacist League, Chancellor of Weimar Republic, awarded Nobel Peace Prize for Franco-German reconciliation (1926). A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War. Franco's wing By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. The terms of the treaty were that both nations would be neutral if the other was to go to war with another nation (though this did not apply if Germany when to war with France or if Russia went to war with Austria-Hungary) and that Germany would be neutral if Russia intervened in the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. The Bulgarians claimed more of Macedonia than the Serbs wanted, leading to tension in the Balkans. He was also a pastor and one of the leading thinkers in the neo-orthodox movement. 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. The actual Manhattan Project did not take place in NY. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine AP Euro (English Civil War) Flashcards | Quizlet For the past five years, Tracy has dedicated a yearly three-day Spanish Civil War unit to his AP European History class. The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. Chapter 12 Identifications (Spielvogel) Chapter 13: European Society in the . The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. Want 100 or more? AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. support was not enough. Held between Britain, America, and the USSR: *Chose Europe's west coast as point of attack instead of the Mediterranean Sea -- led to Soviet Union occupying Eastern Europe, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. The right reacted with fervor. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. of the army was the most successful of the nationalist forces, and he was a General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. (p. 797). A union of Britain and its many current and former colonies. Still the democracies did not act, and would not do so until they were forced to go to war once again, war total and world-wide. Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. . They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. EXAMPLE: 5 days ago, members of my family joined in a lovly birthday celebration for my great-auntes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. AP Euro Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | Quizlet He rose from humble origins to become the first Labour Prime Minister in 1924. AP Euro Period 4 Review (1914-Present) | Fiveable On April 25, 1937, the small northern town of Guernica was bombed by the on 50-99 accounts. Chapter 29: Dictatorships and the Second World War - AP European The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. This was a treaty signed between Fascist brothers Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. Spanish Civil War | Definition, Causes, Summary, & Facts On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Franco's ensuing rein was one of oppression and tradition. the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Tehran, Iran. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. . a failed coup d'tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi party's Fhrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. led a war faction that took power in Japan in 1941. he decided to attack pearl harbor rather than yield to U.S. control. Updates? Renaissance & Exploration 1450-1648 . The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. Wed love to have you back! Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Spanish Civil War was triggered by a complex range of events that were highly significant not only for the future of Spain, but also for the development of European politics in 20 th century. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Purchasing tanks, superior to the German Mark IIs, arrived in October, along with advanced Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? government took power. Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. . More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The city had endured a siege of nearly two-and-a-half years, and its residents were in no condition to resist. The Germans handed the Austrians a "blank check" in how to deal with Serbia after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Within months Barcelona would fall, and on March 28, 1939, some 200,000 Nationalist troops entered Madrid unopposed. a gathering of 730 delegates from all 45 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Civil Guard was present. Ch. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). Nationalist forces put the figure at 1,000,000, including not only those killed in battle but also the victims of bombardment, execution, and assassination. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. for a group? From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. SparkNotes PLUS (p. 793), Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft. The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. They assured an alliance with each other while agreeing to support each other against Allied powers. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. The final Republican offensive stalled at the Ebro River on November 18, 1938. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. defensive positions in a triangle of cities with the points in Madrid, Valencia, 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. The English Civil War: Summary, Causes, Effects & Timeline (one code per order). divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. Despite the absence of a real legal basis, the ICRC managed to negotiate access to prisoners and organized help for civilians. This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease. his people viewed him as a god. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization The US exerted strong influences in western Europe leading to the creation of global economic and political systems (NATO, IMF, World Bank, WTO, GATT). stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. When Franco was proclaimed head of the Nationalist government on Thus, the Fourth French Republic. Austrian Chancellor who refused to be intimidated by Hitler and decided to announce a plebiscite on March 13th in which Austrian people themselves could decide whether to unite with Germany. German Chancellor and Fuhrer during World War II, his aggressive tactics were a major factor in the initiation of the second World War. The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, an English novelist and essay writer who is regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. Its earliest use was to describe individual political radicals unconnected with any party. PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FRQs (1974-2004) - Roseville Joint Union High The Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire began the Turkish Revolution of 1908-09. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. Although the U.S. government stayed neutral in the Spanish Civil War, about 2,800 Americansmany of whom had never before fired a gunvolunteered for the Republican cause. occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. Eighty years on, Spain may at last be able to confront the ghosts of The two sides fought fierce and bloody skirmishes in a war of attrition. Below is the article summary. The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. General Francisco Franco It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. Italian system of the 1930's that broke economic life into 22 areas. but he knew nothing of the generals' plans. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. Economics During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Attempts at Reconciliation and Disarmament (1921-1930), The Soviet Union During the Inter-War Years (1924-1935), Eastern Europe During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Italian Fascism during the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Britain During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). Spanish Civil War, an historical overview | Andalucia.com Outbreak of the Spanish civil war | CourseNotes The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. The War of Spanish Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht . These groups of The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. a military organization descended from the Irish Volunteers which was recognised in 1919 by Dil ireann as the legitimate army of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic, the Irish state proclaimed in the Easter Rising in 1916 and reaffirmed by the Dil in January 1919. an Irish revolutionary leader, Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, Director of Intelligence for the IRA, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, both as Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-Chief of the National Army. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Picasso uses jagged, fragmented forms and distorted faces to great effect, creating an atmosphere of panic and terror. He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. the German air force before and during World War II. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. The Paris Fair would give him an opportunity to bring the atrocities visited on the defenseless people of Guernica to the attention of the world, and so he set to work. The Best Books on the Spanish Civil War - ThoughtCo